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ST/Industrial Sensing Solutions X-NUCLEO-IKS01A3 Sensor Expansion Board • Motion MEMS and environmental sensor expansion board for STM32 Nucleo • Compatible with the Arduino UNO R3 connector layout • Features a variety of sensors LEARN MOREu Figure 14: Working principle of a ToF sensor. 25 magnetometer or the compass module can generate an interrupt signal. This signal can then be used to switch the meter's display from the operation display mode to the main- tenance display mode, and this has to be addressed by a technician before the meter can enter the operation mode again. Proximity Sensor The proximity and ranging sensors discussed here are based on the FlightSense™ Time-of-Flight (ToF) technology offered by ST. These sensors directly measure distance to the object based on the time for emitted photons that are reflected from the target surface, enabling accurate distance ranging regardless of the object's surface characteristics. This sensor technology is a significant differentiation compared to other proximity sensors that use simple Infra-Red (IR) technology, which only measures signal strength and can be affected by the object's reflectivity (Figure 14). This ToF solution is ideal for a wide range of applications that require accurate and high-speed distance measurement, low power consumption, competitive system cost, and easy integration with flexible mechanical design. ToF sensors can be used in numerous applications including proximity sensing, camera autofocus and video assist, vacuum cleaners, ser- vice robots, cliff detection, collision avoidance, hover/landing assistance for drones, home appliances, ambient light sensing, gesture recognition for light management, automatic doors control, soap dispensers, package counting to aid inventory management in vending machines or smart-shelf systems, and many others.