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25 Qorvo 2022 These reasons are why UWB can achieve centimeter accuracy between two devices over a relatively far distance compared to Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and RFID. Moreover, UWB is a communication protocol with a maximum throughput of 27Mbps, which is superior to all other protocols except Wi-Fi. The very short pulses and fast distance/position calculations mean that UWB allows for real-time distance/location tracking with sub-ms speeds for 3D tracking, which is approximately 100 times faster than GPS. Additionally, UWB tags and anchors are low- cost and power-efficient enough to be massively scaled, which is also supported by the protocol and hardware. UWB For Automotive Applications It shouldn't be a surprise that legacy remote keyless entry (433MHz car dongles/key fobs) are not the most secure solution for preventing unwanted entry into automobiles. Several well-known exploits to these devices can sometimes allow access or even control of an automobile. Hence, the Car Connectivity Consortium (CCC) has developed a new standard that leverages UWB to create a much more secure remote keyless entry method. In fact, the CCC's UWB standard uses the same type of security used in credit cards. US, Japanese, and European car manufacturers are already adopting this UWB standard, with ongoing efforts to encourage adoption with Chinese car manufacturers. In Q3 of 2018, the CCC adopted high-rate pulse UWB (HRP-UWB), which drives the interoperability between Automotive and Mobile manufacturers to enable Mobile as a Key-fob. The first use case for automotive UWB is Passive Entry/ Passive Start (PEPS), which uses NFC in phase 2 and UWB and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) in phase 3 of the CCC Conform Access System PEPs initiative. An additional use case is leveraging the short-range radar capability of UWB to provide a new class of safety requirements as Intrusion and Passenger detection, or for easy trunk access, by detecting people and objects inside and outside of a vehicle. UWB radar technology is sensitive enough that it can be used to detect human breathing and even differentiate between adults and infants. Not only could this help prevent small children and infants from being left unattended in vehicles, but it could also be used to alert driver protection systems if a driver falls asleep or is otherwise incapacitated. UWB radar technology is sensitive enough that it can be used to detect human breathing… Figure 4: Comparison of the distance/location between RSSI, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Narrowband ToF, and Qorvo IR UWB ToF. (Source: Qorvo)