Issue link: https://resources.mouser.com/i/1484091
5 Qorvo 2022 them. 3GPP started standardization work of C-V2X in Release 14 in 2014. It is based on LTE, as the underlying technology. Specifications were published in 2017. The types of transfer communications capabilities being used include vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-network (V2N), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P), and vulnerable road users like cyclists, vehicle-to-device (V2D), and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) (Figure 1). The automotive industry is also pursuing ways to reduce the costs for On-Board Units (OBUs) that will support 5G V2X while avoiding/minimizing any vehicle price increases. 5G and V2X 5G will make V2X easier, faster, and more reliable. The main difference between a 5G and V2X framework can be summarized as follows: • 5G, like any radio mobile service, uses an infrastructure called base stations in which the landscape is divided into individual cells, widely overlapped, and managed by proper antenna systems. • V2X, like any wireless service, exhibits a more flexible structure, where small antenna-device systems, called hot spots, assure best-effort connections by using a solid co-operation strategy. Figure 1: The main C-V2X use cases: Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), and Vehicle-to- Network (V2N). V2X safety messages may include Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAM) and Decentralized Environmental Notification Messages (DENM) in Europe or Basic Safety Message (BSM) in the US. (Source: Performance Analysis of C-V2X Mode 4 Communication Introducing an Open-Source C-V2X Simulator 07/23/2019 by Fabian Eckermann, et al. TU Dortmund) Cellular-vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) is a subset of V2X. It will supplement line-of-sight (LoS) sensors such as cameras, radar, and LiDAR for non-LoS awareness, which is critical for safer driving. C-V2X will also enable broader sensing coverage than LoS sensors and is the foundation for vehicles to communicate with each other and everything surrounding