Issue link: https://resources.mouser.com/i/1484091
8 The Future of Automotive We must note that V2X applications depend on continuous, detailed location information, which can lead to privacy concerns. In a privately-owned vehicle, location traces will reveal the movements and activities of the driver, who might or might not be the vehicle owner. In short, sending and disseminating V2X user location information might be a privacy concern for the owner and driver of the vehicle. In dense traffic areas, available channel resources will saturate and lead to an increase in packet losses. This could endanger driver and passenger safety. Congestion- control algorithms were examined and defined to modify specific parameters before these conditions reached critical levels. However, instead of looking at specific algorithms, researchers examined the Wi-Fi standard approach (IEEE 802.11p) versus the standard cellular approach (sidelinking LTE-V2X as defined by 3GPP as part of C-V2X in Release 14). In the final analysis, it was decided that LTE-V2X was able to achieve better performance than IEEE 802.11p, under low channel loads, if it has a superior physical layer performance. When under low channel load levels, the MAC has a lower impact on performance than does the physical layer. Thus, it was determined that IEEE 802.11p outperforms LTE-V2X when the channel load increases, even in the case of having a lower physical layer performance. The C-V2X communication technology was developed by 3GPP to enable direct communications among vehicular user equipment (VUE) over the sidelink, also named PC5 interface. C-V2X sidelink is the first wireless system to introduce distance as a dimension at the physical layer. This will enable a uniform communication range across widely varying radio environments for both LoS and non-LoS. In short C-V2X technology includes two communication links. 1. Vehicle to Network (V2N), based on the existing cellular network (Uu) 2. Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) direct communication link (PC5) • The direct communication link (PC5) mode is the main one used primary for safety and has two transmission scheduling modes: Mode 3 and Mode 4. Mode 3: Network assisted communication. C-V2X relies on the cellular network for scheduling and resource management. • Mode 4: Out-of-coverage/SIM-less operation. C-V2X is completely autonomous and independent from cellular network. Note, all C-V2X deployments are Mode 4 only. For various reasons Mode 3 is not yet viable. Security and Privacy in V2X Communication LTE-based V2X communication uses a high capacity, extensive cell coverage range and widely deployed infrastructure to support various vehicular communication services for safety and non-safety applications. Technical organizations such as 3GPP and Qualcomm have already prepared the roadmap toward 5G-based V2X services. The security defined in 3GPP mainly includes confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, and resistance to replay attacks. The full adoption of a double-key cryptosystem is advisable in the scenario of the possible solutions for automotive security and safety assurance against any cyberattack. Other V2X applications include communication between vehicles that will augment existing methods to help with left- or right-turn assistance, emergency braking warnings, and improved situational awareness at intersections. Extending Waze concepts can control or suggest speed adjustments to account for traffic congestion and update a GPS map with real-time updates on lane closure and highway construction activity. V2X, in some form, is essential to support over-the- air (OTA) software updates for the now-extensive range of software-driven systems in your car, from map updates to bug fixes to security updates and more. Qorvo QPF1002Q Automotive Front-End Module LEARN MORE > V2X and 5G are fast- becoming integral technologies…