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Hao Jie Chan Senior Analog Hardware Engineer, NI (National Instruments) C h a p t e r 2 The importance of effective circuit protection in modern electronics In the modern world, electronic devices are used in almost every aspect of our lives. From smartphones and laptops to industrial machinery and transportation systems, these devices are essential for everyday life. However, with the increase in usage and dependence on these devices comes the need for effective circuit protection. Effective circuit protection is essential for modern design, as electronics can find themselves subject to horrendous circuit conditions, even if only momentary. Sudden power surges traveling down electric grids can find their way into consumer and industrial equipment, and failed components can short circuit internally, thereby drawing large currents. Some circuit configurations (such as those using bipolar junction transistors) can be susceptible to thermal runaway, suffering damage upon overheating. How circuit protection defends electronic circuits Circuit protection helps to defend electronic devices by diverting high voltages away from sensitive components, limiting the current should it become too large, or disconnecting the power entirely. Well-specified circuit protection devices are easy to implement (as they are generally a single component placed in series or parallel), and they protect sensitive components against damage, help to save money during CIRCUIT PROTECTION When it comes to one-package solutions for circuit protection, one good example is ESD diodes. Integrated solutions package multiple diodes into a compact form factor, reducing component count, board space, and parasitics." 11 Passives and Their Emerging Applications