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18 and water meters. Unlike many other standards, Weightless operates in the so-called TV white spaces below 1GHz that were vacated by over-the-air broadcasters when they transitioned from analog to digital transmission. As these frequencies are in the sub-1GHz spectrum, they have the advantages of wide coverage with low transmit power from the base station along with the ability to penetrate buildings and other RF-challenged structures. There are currently two Weightless versions: • Weightless-N is an ultra-narrowband, unidirectional technology. • Weightless-P is the company's flagship bidirectional offering that provides carrier-grade performance and security with extremely low power consumption in additon to other features. Nwave Nwave is an ultra-narrowband technology based on Software-De- fined Radio (SDR) techniques that can operate in both licensed and unlicensed frequency bands. The base station can accommodate up to 1 million IoT devices over a range of 10Km with RF output power of 100mW or less and a data rate of 100bps. The company claims that battery-operated devices can function for up to 10 years. When operating in bands below 1GHz, Nwave takes advantage of the desirable propagation characteristics in this region. Ingenu Ingenu (formerly called On-Ramp Wireless) has developed a bidirectional solution based on many years of research, which resulted in a proprietary direct-sequence spread spectrum modulation technique called Random Phase Multiple Access (RPMA). RPMA was designed to provide a secure, wide-area footprint with high capacity operating in the 2.4GHz band. A single RPMA access point covers 176mi.² in the U.S., which is significantly greater than either Sigfox or LoRa. It has minimal overhead, low latency, and a broadcast capability that allows commands to be sent simultaneously to a very large number of devices. Hardware, software, and other capabilities are limited to those provided by the company, and the company builds its own public and private networks dedicated to machine-to-machine communications. Summary As only the cellular industry and LPWAN providers are competing for supremacy in the longer-range market, it's easy to assume that the designer's job is simple when compared with that required for short-range solutions. Nothing could be further from the truth; each competing technology offers an extraordinary range of variables, all of which contribute to their capabilities yet present major design challenges. For end users, choosing the "right" solution will generally come down to which services are available in their area and how much they charge for connecting each device. However, if multiple wireless carriers and LPWAN providers operate in a given area, the decision becomes more challenging. But for IoT connectivity in general, it will take years before clear winners are established. 1.297" 0.96" 1.33" 0.87" Future Proof Footprint Mesh Networking Point to Multi-point LTE Cellular Networking Why Choose Digi XBee ® ? ZigBee is an open, global wireless standard designed for resilience and reliability communicating through noisy RF environments common in industrial applications. DigiMesh is similar to ZigBee mesh networking, but unlike ZigBee, DigiMesh only has one node-type that can route data and are interchangeable. Thread is an open, global, IPv6-based, low-power mesh networking protocol that is simple to setup and deploy. 802.15.4 is a standard which specifies the physical layer and media access control and is ideal for applications requiring low latency and predictable communication timing. 802.11, or more commonly known as Wi-Fi, has a variety of sub-protocols represented by the suffix a/b/g/n/ac, each with varying degrees of bandwidth. LTE Cat 1 technology makes LTE viable now for M2M and IoT applications. LTE Cat M1 is an IoT-centric flavor of LTE designed for sensor applications and devices requiring lower throughput. LTE Cat NB1, also called Narrowband-IOT, also supports lower bandwidth applications and addresses challenges of poor signal strength and range limitations.

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