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17 Qorvo 2024 Figure 7: Reverse TDoA uses synchronized blinks to transmit signals from multiple anchors. (Source: Qorvo) Phase Difference of Arrival The PDoA method enables two devices to calculate their relative positions using a combination of distance and directional information, thus eliminating the need for any other infrastructure. This simplified method is very important for peer-to-peer applications or when needing to reduce the amount of infrastructure to be deployed. For PDoA, one of the devices must carry at least two antennae. When this device receives a signal from the other device, it measures the difference in the phase of the arriving signal at each antenna. Based on this information, it can calculate the angle from which the incoming signal arrived (Figure 8). The receiving device now knows the transmitting device's direction and distance. UWB Regulations UWB operates in a regulated yet unlicensed spectrum, so anyone can implement UWB communications without a telecommunications license as long as their system operates within the regulated frequency and power range. Figure 8: Using PDoA to calculate direction as well as distance. (Source: Qorvo)