Mouser - White Papers

Mouser Electronics White Paper Governments and energy consumers alike have voiced concerns about the reliability and vulnerability of electrical grids. The dramatic increase in home energy prices, especially in the United States (a price increase of 14 percent from 2022 to 2023) and Europe (2022 European electricity costs hit record highs), 2 is likely to continue as massive investment in artificial intelligence (AI), cryptocurrency, and databases rises. In the past decade, viable renewable energy alternatives have come into maturity. Renewable energy prices, mainly solar and wind, have now reached and even exceeded parity with fossil fuel grid energy generation. 3 Now, with less centralized (i.e., distributed microgrid) energy solutions available, users and even energy distributors are realizing the full scale of the vulnerabilities of traditional electrical utility grids. Fortunately, the rise of electric vehicles (EVs) and the electrification of many technologies has led to substantial investments in battery electric energy storage technology, which is also an excellent solution for grid-scale and home energy storage. As the residential home energy market continues to grow, with Research and Markets predicting growth from US$2.78 billion in 2020 to US$13.05 billion in 2027, 4 battery electric home energy storage is becoming increasingly viable for energy consumers to reduce peak energy prices, stabilize their personal access to energy, and easily incorporate energy from home solar installations and other renewables with dynamic energy profiles. There are now even incentives provided by some governments, such as US tax credits, 5 that demonstrate the value both governments and consumers are putting into renewable energy and electrical energy storage technologies. With the advent of lower-cost and more reliable battery electric energy storage technology, grid- and home-energy storage solution businesses are emerging and quickly growing as government subsidies and tax credits enable companies and consumers to embrace renewables and energy storage solutions. This white paper discusses the developing use case of energy storage systems (ESSs) and dives into the advantages of home battery electric energy storage. It also examines the design of battery energy storage systems (BESSs), focusing on these systems' critical components and interconnect requirements. Energy Storage System Use Cases ESSs can be divided into two main categories: front-of-the-meter (FTM) and behind-the-meter (BTM). These designations are based on where the energy is stored in relation to the meters on a building. If the ESS is located at the power generation facilities or in a utility- scale energy storage facility, then such an ESS is designated as FTM. FTM ESSs store energy on the producer's side of the utility meter and do not impact the customer's side of the utility meter. Figure 1: A diagram depicting FTM and BTM systems. (Source: Mouser Electronics) Front-of-the-Meter Behind-the-Meter Utility scale generation Utility scale energy storage Commercial and residential energy storage Commercial and residential generation and microgrids Transmission and Distribution

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