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C h a p t e r 3 | Fu n c t i o n a l S a f e t y i n A u t o m o t i v e M o t o r C o n t r o l Finally, gate drivers, which control the power transistors in the motor inverter, can come equipped with safety features that can transition the motor control system to a safe state on request by the external monitoring system if abnormal conditions are detected. For example, if an overcurrent or overvoltage condition is detected, gate drivers can shut down the power transistors, preventing damage to the motor and other components. To further improve safety, fail-safe modes are integrated into the design of motor control systems. Fail-safe modes are predefined states to which motor control systems can transition in the case of a fault. These modes include: • Three-phase open state: This mode avoids current circulation by opening all phases of the motor control system at low motor speed. • Shorting specific sides of the inverter: Depending on the speed of the motor, this mode safely discharges energy by shorting either the low or high side of the inverter. • Zero-torque control: This mode is used when the system can still control the motor but must ensure that no torque is generated. Designing a motor control system to reach the appropriate fail-safe modes requires meticulous planning and advanced engineering techniques. Engineers must integrate robust hardware components and sophisticated software algorithms to detect faults and transition the system to safe states seamlessly. This effort can be supported by developing precise models and simulations to predict system behavior under various fault conditions and by ensuring that at least one path permits the safe reaction of the system. Saikrishna Rama Motor Calibration Engineer, Stellantis Implementing fault detection and operational modes such as Fail Safe and Fail Operational, based on the type of fault detected, is fundamental for ensuring the vehicle's reliable operation and the safety of its occupants." 20 11 Experts Discuss Advanced Motor Control for Modern Electric Vehicles