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C h a p t e r 3 | E m e r g i n g A p p l i c a t i o n s o f M i n i a t u r i z e d D i s t r i b u t e d S e n s i n g a n d D a t a A c q u i s i t i o n avionics, and remote sensing equipment require ultra-reliable components that occupy minimal space, reduce system weight, and withstand extreme environments. Distributed sensing in these platforms improves system redundancy and fault isolation. By placing multiple sensor nodes across structures, systems can maintain awareness even when isolated from ground stations or central processors. Notably, these nodes must be ruggedized, qualified for radiation tolerance and shock resistance, and packaged for long-term reliability. High- density connectors and tightly integrated modules contribute to this capability, as combining functions into a single package reduces overall packaging material usage and therefore minimizes solution weight. Finally, environmental monitoring applications, such as air quality tracking and agricultural sensing, are also shifting toward distributed autonomous systems. Sensor networks deployed across large physical areas must be self-powered and wirelessly connected. Miniaturization allows individual sensor nodes to be embedded in remote or difficult-to- access locations, while distributed intelligence enables local data processing and intermittent transmission. These networks help in climate research and public health initiatives by delivering spatially resolved data without relying on centralized infrastructure. In each of these application areas, the success of distributed sensing systems depends on how effectively miniaturized electronics can balance form factor, reliability, power consumption, and signal fidelity. Performance must be engineered into smaller, modular, and more capable subsystems. As the number of endpoints increases, system designers must depend on highly integrated, factory-qualified solutions that reduce development overhead and guarantee predictable performance. Intrabody networks—used to connect devices within the human body— require extreme miniaturization to support remote monitoring and management of health parameters. This emerging field benefits significantly from advances in compact sensors, high-density electronics, and energy-dense battery technologies." Diego Sorrentino Electrical Engineering Functional Manager, StarFish Medical 20 11 Experts on Miniaturized Electronics Design and Applications