Issue link: https://resources.mouser.com/i/1541351
17 | complete RFFE, antenna processor, digitization blocks, and signal processing in one module. The complexity and capabilities of a module generally scale the price and development curve. Moreover, there may be less flexibility when using a pre-built module. Designing a circuit or module in-house can result in a more desirable performance outcome that meets specific product requirements. However, developing RF circuits and modules requires substantial expertise and extensive equipment, testing, and technician support unless a capable contract manufacturer is commissioned. RF circuit and module development may often require more time and dedicated resources than purchasing a module. As some RF modules are pre-certified and tested for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) compliance and other regulatory requirements, purchasing a pre- built module could dramatically shorten the development and certification time of a product. For example, u-blox SARA-R4 series LTE-M/NB-IoT/EGPRS modules can perform simultaneous LTE communications and GNSS positioning. 2 In order to develop such a capability internally, a design team would need to be knowledgeable of LTE, narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), and GNSS technologies and have the equipment and methodologies at hand to test each of these technologies during development. Because the u-blox SARA-R4 series modules are already designed to be cost-effective, efficient, and provide end-to-end IoT communication with MQTT Anywhere and MQTT Flex, it would require many RF design team hours and upfront investment in production resources to achieve the same result in such a compact form factor, while assuming the risk of developing these capabilities. Conclusion RF circuits and electronics are essential for many of the advanced technologies we use every day, including wireless communications in our phones and radar in our weather reports. Due to the complexity of RF systems, RF designers use the RF signal chain as an abstraction layer to simplify system-level planning and performance evaluation. This chapter describes the value of an RF signal chain, some nuances of how RF signal chains are used, and some considerations around the risks and value of making versus buying RF modules. Sources 1 https://www.st.com/en/wireless- connectivity/filters.html 2 https://www.mouser.com/new/u- blox/u-blox-sara-r4-rf-modules/ WFI32E04UE Wi-Fi ® MCU Module mouser.com/microchip-wfi32e04ue-module