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28 Powering Up Your Design Motor Design Acronym Guide ADC - Analog-to-Digital Converter BLDC - Brushless DC Motors FOC - Field-Oriented Control IEC - International Electrotechnical Commission MCU - Microcontroller Unit PMSM - Permanent Magnet Synchoronous Motor PWM - Pulse-Width Modulator VFD - Variable Frequency Drive The 21 st -century home offers abundant examples of how the electric motor—a simple, everyday device—has evolved through modern design to become an integral part of an expanding number of home appliances. You can find electric motors in refrigerators, computers, microwave ovens, fans, washing machines, and vacuum cleaners inside the home. Outside the home, motors are present in garage-door openers, shop vacuums, garden trimmers, cordless tillers, electric lawnmowers, pressure washers, and other yard equipment. We have come a long way since the early 20th century where simple A/C induction and Brushed DC motors powered washing machines, refrigerators, and fans. Today's motor designs have advanced to Brushless DC style. This design accommodates consumer preferences, providing greater efficiency, powering cordless devices for extended periods, fitting into smaller and lighter devices, and offering extended reliability. A study conducted by the Advisory Committee on Energy Efficiency (ACEE), an adjunct of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), determined that electric motor systems represent more than 50 percent of the global electricity used, of which the large majority of electric motors are used in machines, pumps, fans, compressors, conveyor belts, and more. "It is a genuine opportunity to increase energy efficiency," according to the study. Modern Motor Design Cleans Up the Portable Vacuum Trends in the global vacuum cleaner market Globally, the market for vacuum cleaners reached $9.2 billion (USD) in 2018. According to Grand View Research, this market shows strong growth. It projects the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) will be 9.1 percent from 2019 to 2025. An increasing population of working women and new consumer expectations related to rising standards of living will drive the growth. A significant portion of this market growth is fueled by consumer preferences for energy-efficient appliance operation and environmental concerns. Another growth factor is the increasing demand for workplace vacuum cleaners to reduce hazardous dust and improve hygiene practices in environments, including hospitals, manufacturing centers, retail stores, and healthcare facilities. Challenge The vacuum cleaner design group involved in this project and Qorvo engineers were presented with a set of rigorous customer requirements for a cordless vacuum cleaner. The resulting design combines high-speed motor operation for maximum suction, a lightweight form factor, and components selected for a long, reliable product lifecycle. The level of suction specified for this vacuum was higher than most conventional portable vacuum cleaners. Another consideration affected design decisions: In most vacuum cleaner designs, the important factors are torque and motor speed. However, the requirements in this case were slightly different, emphasizing the need for power and speed. The customer design specifications called for a PMSM motor equipped with field-oriented control (FOC) for variable frequency drive (VFD) capabilities to meet the product requirements.