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4 | The Future of Robotics Texas Instruments Before describing the different technologies that go into a typical robotic system, let's start by discussing the different parts of a robot system. The system is split into the various building blocks: the controller system, manipulator, teaching pendant, vision and sensors, and end effector (robot tools). The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 8373:2012 standard describes each of the building blocks (Figure 1). It defines terms used concerning robots and robotic devices operating in both industrial and nonindustrial environments as: • The controller system. The ISO 8373 standard states: "A set of logic control and power functions which allows monitoring and control of the mechanical structure of the robot and communication with the environment [equipment and users]." This is the robot's brain and can include a motion controller, both internal and external communication systems, and any potential power stages. A robot is a very complex system with many design challenges within mechatronics and functionality, as well as electrical considerations. One will need to tackle these challenges or make some decisions before a working system is possible. An Introduction to an Industrial Robot System Kristen Mogensen Figure 1: A robotic system featuring a cobot.