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57 Engineering a More Sustainable Future | ADI Table 7. Comparison of High Performance MEMS and IEPE Sensors Sensor Range (±g) Output Range Peak-to-Peak (V) Channel Count Linearity (±%FSR) NSD (µg/√Hz) 1/f Corner (Hz) Flat BW (kHz) Noise Flat BW (µg rms) DR @ Flat BW (dB) ENOB at Flat BW Resonant Freq (kHz) ADXL1002 50 4 1 0.1 25 0.1 11 2622.02 82.60 13.43 21 ADXL1004 500 4 1 0.25 125 0.1 24 19364.92 85.23 13.87 45 ADXL356B 40 1.6 3 0.1 110 0.1 1 3478.51 78.20 12.70 5.5 PCB 621B40 500 10 1 1 10 1000 30 1732.05 104.95 17.14 85 PCB 352C04 500 10 1 1 4 400 10 400.00 118.93 19.46 50 PCB 333B52 5 10 1 1 0.4 1000 3 21.91 98.50 16.07 20 Publishers send messages and subscribers receive messages they are interested in. Brokers pass messages from publishers to subscribers. Some MQTT brokers handle millions of concurrently connected MQTT clients, and this is one of the attractive features whereby many sensors could be connected to one SPE device creating a pipeline of sensor data as shown in Figure 10. Both publishers and subscribers are MQTT clients that can only communicate with the MQTT broker. MQTT clients can be any device such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, ESP32, or an application like Node-RED or MQTTfx. Figure 10. MQTT Simple publish/subscribe architecture. The first four blocks in Figure 11 consist of a sensor, microcontroller, MAC-PHY, and media converter. The sensor is a digital output triaxial MEMS sensor that can detect vibrations. Any standard low power microcontroller, such as MAX78000 or Figure 11. Deployable single-pair Ethernet condition monitoring sensor block diagram. MAX32670, with an SPI interface can be used to read data from the ADXL357. The MAX78000 has the added advantage of providing capability for ultra low power edge AI processing, with a built-in convolutional neural network ( CNN ) hardware accelerator. The measured vibration data is placed into an MQTT topic for transmission to the MAC-PHY, again, over SPI. The low cost Cortex ® -M4 microcontroller can be used to read/write to the ADIN1110 MAC-PHY over SPI to enable different modes and configurations such as PoDL ON or OFF, T1L special, main or subnode, 1 V or 2.4 V. The ADIN1110 converts MQTT data topics to 10BASE-T1L format and transmits over 300 m of IP67 rated cable with advanced shielding for robustness over 1700 m. The media converter then converts data from 10BASE-T1L to 10BASE-T format so a PC or Raspberry Pi can interpret the data, then process and display it. ADIN1110 10BASE-T1L MAC-PHY ADIN1110 is a robust, single port, low power 10BASE-T1L Ethernet MAC-PHY transceiver targeting industrial applications. Featuring an integrated MAC interface, the ADIN1110 enables direct connectivity with a variety of host controllers via SPI. This SPI communications channel enables the use of lower power processors without an integrated MAC, which provides for the lowest overall system level power consumption. The ADIN1110 is designed for edge node sensors and field instruments deployed in building, factory, and process automation. The device operates from a single power supply rail of 1.8 V or 3.3 V. Supporting both 1.0 V and 2.4 V 10 11 Adobe Stock / Yingyaipumi – stock.adobe.com