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C h a p t e r 3 | C o n n e c t i v i t y a n d C o m m u n i c a t i o n i n e - M o b i l i t y over long distances and across various communication protocols. Advanced RF and antenna technologies are now supporting the development of more sophisticated vehicle communication networks. For example, phased array antennas can dynamically steer their beams to maintain optimal communication links with other vehicles and infrastructure and to adapt in real time to changes in the environment and vehicle positions. Another notable advancement is the large-scale rollout of 5G technology. The low latency and high transfer rates of 5G significantly enhance vehicle communications' speed, capacity, and reliability. In applications like autonomous driving, where split-second decisions can mean life or death for vehicle occupants, improvements in latency can significantly impact performance and safety. However, these RF and antenna technology improvements also impose unique challenges on the underlying electronics. High-speed data transmission requires connectors to support high-frequency signals without degradation, necessitating precise engineering and advanced materials. Connectors in modern e-mobility solutions must handle increased data rates and power levels while maintaining high signal integrity and low loss. Connectors are also needed to support the integration of multiple communication protocols within a single vehicle. These solutions must facilitate the seamless connection of various subsystems, such as those handling V2V, V2I, V2P, and V2N communications so that all system parts can interact effectively. Therefore, connectors must be versatile and compatible with various communication standards and interfaces. Considering e-mobility without RF connectivity is not an option today. For safety/autonomous driving, V2X is crucial. For infotainment, Wi-Fi and cellular technology can't be overlooked. And, of course, Bluetooth and UWB further enhance the user experience and redefine the meaning of 'driving'." Tolunay Aydın RF Design Engineer, Valeo 20 9 Experts Discuss the Role of Connectivity in e-Mobility