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a rapid and uncontrollable increase in temperature that can lead to a cascade of failures, including fires, explosions, and toxic gas releases. Combatting thermal runaway necessitates advanced thermal management systems. These systems often incorporate multiple layers of safety measures, including cooling systems, thermal barriers, and advanced materials that can withstand high temperatures. To help prevent safety issues, especially those related to thermal runaway, sensor technology has become an important design tool for engineers. Advanced sensors help to monitor the health and performance of batteries and other core components in e-mobility solutions. By providing real-time data on parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature, these sensors enable early detection of problems and implementation of proactive countermeasures to prevent catastrophic failures. For example, in thermal runaway, temperature sensors can detect a rapid increase in cell temperature before reaching a critical level. Upon detecting an abnormal temperature rise, these sensors can trigger cooling systems to dissipate excess heat or shut down the battery system to prevent further escalation. The battery management system (BMS) is the key component in achieving optimal performance and safety in the battery system. An electronic control system that manages the battery pack's operation, the BMS serves as the central intelligence for monitoring and managing the battery's charging and discharging, balancing the charge across individual cells, and overseeing the pack's overall health. To do so, the BMS leverages sensors to continuously monitor various battery pack parameters, including voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge of each cell. By tracking these metrics in real time, the BMS ensures that all cells operate within their safe operating limits. Current sensors are an integral component for supporting the BMS in ensuring safety and C h a p t e r 2 | A c h i e v i n g a S u s t a i n a b l e F u t u r e w i t h S i C Thermal management systems are key to enhancing battery lifetime and performance. The tradeoffs between weight, cost, and efficiency must be understood for each application to design the proper thermal management system." Luis Guerrero Aguiñaga ESS/BMS System Designer, H55 C h a p t e r 2 | S a f e t y a n d B a t t e r y M a n a g e m e n t S y s t e m s 13 9 Experts Discuss the Role of Connectivity in e-Mobility