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C h a p t e r 1 | M o t o r C o n t r o l M e t h o d s simpler alternative to FOC. This method approximates the sinusoidal back electromotive force (EMF) of the motor using six distinct steps, switching motor phases at specific intervals. Trapezoidal control is widely used in applications for which cost and simplicity take precedence over smooth operation and high precision. The primary advantage of trapezoidal control is its reduced computational requirements and straightforward implementation. Unlike FOC, trapezoidal control does not require complex mathematical transformations or continuous feedback loops. This simplicity is ideal for low-cost systems such as power tools and basic motor- driven appliances. However, trapezoidal control has limitations. For example, it generates a higher torque ripple compared to FOC, leading to increased noise and vibration. Additionally, its efficiency at higher speeds is typically lower, and it lacks the smoothness required for precision- demanding applications. Ultimately, the choice between FOC and trapezoidal control depends on the application's performance and cost requirements. The choice between sensored and sensorless control is another major design decision in motor control. Sensored control relies on position sensors, such as Hall-effect sensors or encoders, to provide real-time feedback on rotor position. This feedback enables precise commutation and dynamic control, especially under high loads or during rapid speed changes. Sensorless control, on the other hand, eliminates the need for physical sensors by estimating rotor position using electrical signals, such as back EMF or current measurements. This approach reduces system cost and complexity, Field-oriented control (FOC) and trapezoidal control each tackle precision and efficiency differently. The best choice depends on your specific application." Harsh Parikh Senior Design Engineer, Havells India 7 10 Experts Discuss the Fundamentals of Motor Control