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C h a p t e r 2 | P o w e r a n d M o t o r C o n t r o l Motor Control Motor control is the second critical subsystem for AMRs, as it determines the robot's ability to move with precision and efficiency. Typically, AMRs use brushless DC motors because they offer higher efficiency and require less maintenance than brushed motors. The role of the motor control system is to ensure that the motors function smoothly by responding to the robot's movement commands and adjusting in real time as conditions change. Motor control systems rely on sophisticated algorithms, such as field- oriented control (FOC), to optimize the efficiency and precision of the motors. FOC ensures that the current vector aligns with the magnetic field of the rotor, allowing for smoother operation and reducing power losses. Precision in motor control is essential because the movement of the AMR is driven by multiple motors that must be coordinated. A slight misalignment or inefficiency in motor control can result in reduced performance or even system failure. To achieve the desired precision, motor control systems use current sensing to monitor the power flowing through the motors. Typically in-phase current sensors are used to measure the flow of power and confirm that the motors receive the appropriate needed powerlevels. While in-phase sensing is more costly than low-side sensing, it provides continuous feedback, which helps maintain performance and prevent faults in the system. The synchronization between the motor control system and the robot controller is also important. As the motors execute movement commands, the robot controller must process sensory data and update the robot's position in real Subhash Patel Electrical Engineer, IMA AUTOMATION AMR motor control systems must combine precision and robustness to meet diverse operational demands. AI-driven predictive algorithms and IoT connectivity are becoming essential for dynamically optimizing performance." 15 13 Experts Discuss Autonomous Mobile Robots