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Introduction PCI Express (PCIe) is one of the most enduring interconnects in electronics because it offers a highly predictable and reliable method for linking processors, accelerators, peripherals, and sensors. Even as PCI-SIG has advanced its electrical and protocol layers over the years, the protocol has maintained strict backward compatibility with earlier generations of PCIe technology. It's this long-term stability that lets engineers confidently design long-lifespan products while simultaneously creating new devices that fit cohesively in existing systems. Originally designed to support PC expansion cards, PCIe has since evolved significantly. Today, ARM-, x86-, and RISC-V–based System-on- Modules (SoMs) have all adopted it as their go-to high-speed interface. Designers now commonly use PCIe switches and endpoints to fan out a small number of SoM PCIe lanes into complete I/O subsystems on carrier boards. This modular design approach provides simplified hardware upgrades and has brought PCIe into new application spaces such as embedded platforms, industrial controllers, and edge AI nodes. While many embedded systems continue to depend on the reliability of PCIe 1.0 through PCIe 4.0, new applications are now pulling embedded designs toward PCIe 5.0, PCIe 6.0, and emerging PCIe 7.0 capabilities. However, these newer, higher-speed solutions introduce significant engineering challenges for signal integrity and board layout. In this eBook, we discuss how PCIe technology is evolving across embedded and data center workloads and how Microchip and Samtec are responding to these challenges with scalable switching, interconnect, and signal-integrity solutions. Mighty Guides make you stronger. Credible advice from top experts helps you make strong decisions. Strong decisions make you mighty. Reading a Mighty Guide is kind of like having your own team of experts. These authoritative and diverse guides provide a full view of a topic. They help you explore, compare, and contrast a variety of viewpoints so that you can determine what will work best for you. Mouser Electronics is an authorized semiconductor and electronic component distributor focused on New Product Introductions from its leading manufacturer partners. Serving the global electronic design engineer and buyer community, the global distributor's website, www.mouser.com, is available in multiple languages and currencies and features more than 6.8 million products from over 1,200 manufacturer brands. Mouser offers 28 support locations worldwide to provide best-in-class customer service in local language, currency and time zone. The distributor ships to over 650,000 customers in 223 countries/territories from its 1 million-square-foot, state-of-the-art distribution facilities in the Dallas, Texas, metro area. For more information, visit www.mouser.com. 4 8 Experts Discuss PCIe for Emerging Embedded Systems