Datasheets 101

Getting the Right Information for the Right Part

Estimated reading time: 6 minutes

(Source: Rolaks/stock.adobe.com)

By Vince Sosko, Mouser Electronics

Published January 9, 2025

Datasheets provide critical information that influences purchasing decisions, ensuring that the right components are chosen for specific applications. There is no one style of datasheet, though; they can vary widely in appearance, the type of information provided, and the level of detail. While these documents tend to be dense and highly technical, understanding their main sections can streamline your decision-making process. Here’s a crash course to help you navigate datasheets effectively and determine if a component meets the needs of your project or product.

Component Features

The Features section of a datasheet is often found near the beginning and accompanies the general description of the component. This section provides a high-level overview of what the component can do. It usually includes bullet points highlighting the component’s most important attributes and benefits (Figure 1). For example, for a microcontroller, you might see features such as low power consumption, high processing speed, multiple input/output pins, or built-in analog-to-digital converters.

Figure 1: Most datasheets start with a general description of the component and then list its main features to help you quickly understand if it fits your needs. (Source: Littelfuse)

Understanding these features helps you quickly assess whether the component has the capabilities required for your application. Look for features that align with your project’s needs, such as operating voltage range, power efficiency, and performance characteristics.

Applications

Next to component features, the Applications section is a vital resource for determining if the part fits your needs. Here, manufacturers list typical applications or use cases for the component. This helps you understand where the component is commonly used and can guide you in determining its suitability for your project. For instance, an operational amplifier might be used in audio equipment, signal processing, instrumentation, or control systems.

By matching the component’s applications with your project requirements, you can quickly narrow your options. This section can also provide insights into the component's reliability and performance in real-world scenarios.

Part Number Identification

Part numbers can be daunting, but they are crucial for accurate procurement. Many datasheets include a Part Number Identification section that explains the logic behind the alphanumeric code assigned to the component. Understanding this can help you identify a part's exact specifications, such as package type, temperature rating, and tolerance.

For example, Figure 2 shows a part number from a family of wireless SoCs. The datasheet breaks down the part number so buyers and designers can use the accompanying order code key to see if it is appropriate for their specifications or if they need to change any pieces of the part number.

Figure 2: Part number breakdowns give buyers and designers clearer insight into component specifications when deciding which to purchase, especially when looking at a portfolio of components. (Source: Silicon Labs)

For some datasheets, the manufacturer provides information for building a part number (Figure 3). While this may take a bit more time to locate the right part, building your own part number allows you to ensure the part will meet as many of your specifications as possible.

Figure 3: Creating or locating the right part numbers is vital for an efficient ordering process, making these sections of datasheets an invaluable resource. (Source: Omron)

In most cases, designers are the ones building part numbers. Still, buyers must determine packaging based on the part number and their project’s need. Furthermore, they should be able to understand if a part number can change and still meet the required specifications. Knowing how to read part numbers ensures you order the correct component variant, avoiding costly mistakes and delays.

Package Types

The Package Type section provides details on the physical form of the component. It includes drawings and dimensions that are crucial for ensuring compatibility with your design’s footprint and assembly process (Figure 4). Common package types include:

• Dual in-line package (DIP): Easy to handle and suitable for through-hole mounting
• Small outline integrated circuit (SOIC): Compact and used for surface-mount applications
• Quad flat package (QFP): High pin count for advanced applications

Figure 4: With many options for component packaging types, locating the packaging information in a datasheet is key to success. (Source: ROHM Semiconductor)

Selecting the correct package type affects not only the assembly process but also the thermal performance and reliability of the component. Ensure the chosen package type is compatible with your production capabilities and the intended use environment.

Technical Specifications and Descriptions

Aside from the Component Features, Applications, Part Numbers, and Package Types sections, you will find plenty of other information that may not be applicable to buyers. While these parts of a datasheet might not factor into your daily operations, it is helpful to have a sense of what they provide.

Electrical Characteristics

This section delves into the technical specifications that define the performance of the component. Key parameters to consider include:

• Operating Voltage: The voltage range within which the component functions correctly
• Current Consumption: The amount of current the component draws during various states of operation
• Temperature Range: The operational temperature limits of the component

These characteristics are vital for guaranteeing the component will perform as expected under the conditions of your specific application. Pay close attention to maximum ratings to avoid over-stressing the component. When a component’s technical specifications do not quite match what you are looking for, distributors like Mouser Electronics offer a “show similar” feature on product pages that allows you to select certain attributes and see all parts that meet those specifications.

Typical Performance Data

Manufacturers often include graphs and charts showing typical performance characteristics, such as output voltage versus input voltage, power dissipation versus ambient temperature, or efficiency curves. These visual aids help you understand how the component behaves in different scenarios, providing a more comprehensive view of its performance.

Pin Configuration and Functional Descriptions

A pin configuration diagram shows the layout of the component’s pins or leads. It is accompanied by a functional description explaining the role of each pin, such as power supply, ground, input/output, and control signals. This information is crucial for integrating the component into the design correctly.

Mechanical Dimensions

Datasheets usually offer mechanical dimensions that might include detailed drawings of the component’s physical dimensions. These are essential for ensuring the component fits correctly on the printed circuit board (PCB) and within the product’s enclosure.

Making an Informed Decision

Interpreting datasheets accurately is a key skill for electronics procurement specialists. By focusing on the component’s features, applications, part number creation, and package types, you can make well-informed purchasing decisions. Effectively navigating the vast array of information contained in a datasheet saves time and leads you to the right component for the design.

Remember, while datasheets can be technical and detailed, breaking them down and going directly to the pertinent sections can make the information more accessible and manageable. Some distributors, like Mouser Electronics, offer technical support services to help you interpret datasheets.